Do Clawback Adoptions Influence Capital Investments?

We present evidence that clawback provision adoptions influence capital investment mix via managerial compensation incentives. Specifically, we find for a propensity-matched sample of 931 voluntary clawback adoptions that capital investments shift away from R&D and toward capital expenditures, and for firms with enabling liquidity toward acquisitions, consistent with clawback effects on earnings-linked compensation. Corroborating evidence confirms that these effects are positively related to performance-based pay, growth opportunities, and invariant to risk-toleration incentives, with firms adopting clawbacks also exhibiting capital over-investment. This evidence is timely given a pending SEC rule that would mandate clawbacks for all firms listing on US exchanges.postprin

Kerapatan dan Viabilitas Konidia Beauveria Bassiana dan Metarhizium Anisopliae pada Media In Vitro Ph Rendah

Conidial density and viability of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae grown on the low-pH in vitro medium. Liquid bioinsecticide with active ingredient from conidial entomopathogenic fungus has major constraints, namely short shelf life due to declining conidial viability and density is caused by low pH in the bioinsecticide carrier. This experiment aimed to measure the loss of conidial viability and density of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates grown on in vitro medium with low pH. Entomopathogenic fungus isolates were used as much as 28 isolates grown on in vitro medium at low pH, namely pH 5, 4, 3, and 2. The results showed that the fungus isolate that had the highest conidial density on in vitro medium at pH 5 was found on isolates of B. bassiana with code BPcMs (2.583 x 109 conidia mL-1), while the lowest one was found on isolates of B. bassiana with code of BWS Pantura (0.825x109 conidia mL-1). All isolate conidial density from in vitro medium with pH 2 decreased regularly. Conidial density of BPcMs isolate decreased to 2.483 x 109conidia mL-1, as well as BWS Pantura isolate also decreased to 0.425x109 conidia mL-1. The highest conidial viability at pH 5 was found on isolates of B. bassiana with code of BPcMs (51.572%), while the lowest conidial viability was found on isolate of B. bassiana with BTmPc code (15.040%). At pH 2, almost isolates tested had low conidial viability. The conidial viability of isolates BPcMs decreased to 47.037%%, while the isolates BTmPc also decreased to 12.778%. Therefore, the lower of the pH of the in vitro medium was, the lower of conidial viability and density of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae wa

National Plan of Action for Establishment and Operation of Fisheries Refugia in Philippine

This report is under the SEAFDEC/UNEP/GEF Project on “Establishment and Operation of a Regional System of Fisheries Refugia in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand”NoneUNEP/GE

Estimation of Nutrient Load from Aquaculture Farms in Manila Bay, Philippines

Waste from aquaculture is considered as one of the possible causes of water quality deterioration in Manila Bay. Aquaculture in the area accounts for almost 30% of the total production in the Philippines. This high production entails intensified application of inputs that could possibly contribute to the nutrient (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) load in the bay. Thus, estimation of the N, P and SO4 loaded from aquaculture farms is necessary to develop more responsive intervention to reduce nutrient load in Manila Bay. Water samples were collected throughout the rearing period from different aquaculture systems in Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, and Bataan. The annual estimated N and P loaded from aquaculture farms were 12, 696.66 MT and 2, 363.01 MT, respectively. Fish pens/cages recorded the highest contribution accounting for 88% N and 86% P of the total load. It can be attributed to the direct release of uneaten feeds into the bodies of water. Roughly, 12% N and 14% P were obtained from the fishponds. Furthermore, the annual SO4 loaded from fishponds was estimated at 36,917.54 MT. Results of the study suggested that there should be an extensive monitoring of the environmental impacts and annual load of aquaculture farms for the sustainable regulations and management of aquaculture activities to reduce nutrient load and improve the aquaculture production as well. Finally, strict compliance to the regulatory guidelines and ordinances must be imposed to achieve the effluent quality standards

Muscular activity of patella and hip stabilizers of healthy subjects during squat exercises

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Atualmente relaciona-se a fraqueza dos músculos do quadril e da coxa ao surgimento da dor anterior no joelho (DAJ). Dessa maneira, compreender como os agachamentos devem ser realizados para melhorar a ativação elétrica desses músculos é importante para o tratamento fisioterapêutico. OBJETIVO: Comparar a ativação mioelétrica de estabilizadores da patela e pelve entre as posições de agachamentos convencional e associado à contração isométrica em adução e abdução da coxa em indivíduos sem queixa de DAJ. MÉTODOS: O sinal eletromiográfico foi captado a partir de eletrodos duplo-diferenciais posicionados nos músculos vasto medial oblíquo (VMO), vasto lateral oblíquo (VLO), vasto lateral longo (VLL) e glúteo médio (GMed) em 15 mulheres sedentárias e clinicamente saudáveis, durante a contração de agachamentos convencional e associados à adução e à abdução isométrica da coxa com carga de 25% do peso corporal. A análise estatística empregada foi o modelo linear de efeitos mistos, com significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A associação da adução e abdução isométrica da coxa no agachamento produziu cerca de 0,47 (0,2) e 0,59 (0,22), respectivamente, de atividade elétrica do músculo GMed, enquanto o agachamento convencional (AGA) produziu 0,33 (0,27) de atividade elétrica. A maior ativação do VMO aconteceu na contração de agachamento associado à adução da coxa e foi de 0,59 (0,27); já o músculo VLL apresentou uma maior atividade elétrica durante o agachamento associado à abdução, sendo de 0,60 (0,32). CONCLUSÃO: O exercício de agachamento associado à adução da coxa promoveu uma maior ativação muscular do VMO, além de aumentar a atividade muscular do GMed.BACKGROUND: Hip and knee muscle weaknesses have been associated with the onset of anterior knee pain (AKP). Therefore, the understanding of how squats exercises can be performed in order to optimize the electrical activity of these muscles is relevant for physical therapy treatments. OBJECTIVE: To compare the electromyographic activity of patella and pelvic stabilizers during traditional squat and squat associated with isometric hip adduction or abduction in subjects without AKP. METHODS: Electromyography signals were captured using double-differential electrodes at the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO), vastus lateralis longus (VLL) and gluteus medium (GMed) in 15 healthy and sedentary women during squats exercises: traditional and associated with hip adduction and hip abduction with load of 25% of body weight. Linear mixed models with significance level of 5% were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Squat associated with hip adduction and abduction produced electromyographic activity of GMed of 0.47 (0.2) and 0.59 (0.22) respectively, while conventional squat produced an electromyiographic activity of 0.33 (0.27). The higher VMO activity was 0.59 (0.27) during the isometric contraction in the squat associated with hip adduction. The higher VLO activity was 0.60 (0.32) during isometric contraction in the squat associated with hip abduction. CONCLUSION: Squat exercise associated with hip adduction increased VMO muscle activity as well as the activity of GMed activity.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

The Brazilian Network for HIV-1 Genotyping External Quality Control Assurance Programme

The Brazilian network for genotyping is composed of 21 laboratories that perform and analyze genotyping tests for all HIV-infected patients within the public system, performing approximately 25,000 tests per year. We assessed the interlaboratory and intralaboratory reproducibility of genotyping systems by creating and implementing a local external quality control evaluation. Plasma samples from HIV-1-infected individuals (with low and intermediate viral loads) or RNA viral constructs with specific mutations were used. This evaluation included analyses of sensitivity and specificity of the tests based on qualitative and quantitative criteria, which scored laboratory performance on a 100-point system. Five evaluations were performed from 2003 to 2008, with 64% of laboratories scoring over 80 points in 2003, 81% doing so in 2005, 56% in 2006, 91% in 2007, and 90% in 2008 (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.003). Increased performance was aided by retraining laboratories that had specific deficiencies. The results emphasize the importance of investing in laboratory training and interpretation of DNA sequencing results, especially in developing countries where public (or scarce) resources are used to manage the AIDS epidemic

Masinloc Fisheries Refugia Management Plan

This report is under the SEAFDEC/UNEP/GEF Project on “Establishment and Operation of a Regional System of Fisheries Refugia in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand”NoneUNEP/GE